Ten years of HMMs

Olivier Cappé
CNRS, LTCI & ENST, Dpt. TSI
46 rue Barrault, 75634 Paris cedex 13, France.
cappe at tsi.enst.fr

Final version, March 12 2001


Contents

About this document

This list of references has been obtained by searching in a large bibliographic database for entries which contain the words Hidden and Markov (or the acronym HMM) in their title. Only the references corresponding to journal papers published after 1989 and before the end of 2000 have been retained here. Basically, the list contains all the references matching the above criteria.

I however had to revise somehow this policy for references concerning speech processing since there were too many of them: I arbitrarily pruned approximately 20% of the speech references, discarding the older and/or particularly hard to find ones. Those familiar with speech processing will also know that almost any publication in the speech recognition area these day indeed makes use of hidden Markov models. In practice, this means that the search strategy described above already misses a significant fraction of speech related papers (usually, those that only use a well-known form of HMM modeling so that the term does not even appear in the title).

Because there are quite a number of references (about 360), I have tried to sort them according to some categories. General is for anything that is about the model in general and does not appear to be connected to a particular application. Applications is the other main category. Some of the sub-categories overlap to some extent (Signal and Communications, or Image and Text recognition, for instance). Other applications is the sub-category for ``unusual'' applications (those that appear only rarely). In each category, the references are sorted in reversed time order (the more recent coming first).

This is the third (and, presumably, final) version of this document: The one dated 1997 does not contain any reference for the period 1997-2000 (!) - about one hundred references have been added since then; The other one, dated February 2001, is almost identical to this final version.

Practicalities

This document is available at address http://www.tsi.enst.fr/~cappe/ (which is also mirrored at http://perso.enst.fr/~cappe/) in HTML, gz-compressed postscript and pdf formats.

You may use this text (or parts of it) as you want, but if you are using it as part of a published work, I would appreciate that you acknowledge the source using something like: 

@misc{hmmbib:v2,
  author   = {Olivier Capp\'{e}},
  title    = {Ten years of HMMs},
  url      = {http://www.tsi.enst.fr/~cappe/docs/hmmbib.html},
  month    = mar,
  year     = {2001},
}

1 General

  1. ``Bayesian inference in hidden Markov models through the reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo method'', C. P. Robert, T. Ryden, D. M. Titterington, Journal of the royal statistical society. serie., 62(1), p. 57, 2000.
  2. ``Generalized adaptive exponential smoothing of observations from an ergodic hidden Markov model'', U. Herkenrath, Journal of applied probability, 36(4), p. 987, dec 1999.
  3. ``Stochastic Sampling Algorithms for State Estimation of Jump Markov Linear Systems'', A. Doucet, A. Logothetis, V. Krishnamurthy, IEEE transactions on automatic control, 45(2), p. 188, feb 2000.
  4. ``Training Hidden Markov Models with Multiple Observations-A Combinatorial Method'', X. Li, M. Parizeau, R. Plamondon, IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machin., 22(4), p. 371, apr 2000.
  5. ``Exponential Forgetting and Geometric Ergodicity in Hidden Markov Models'', Le Gland, F. , L. Mevel, Mathematics of control, signals, and systems :., 13(1), p. 63, 2000.
  6. ``A Simple Hidden Markov Model for Bayesian Modeling with Time Dependent Data'', G. Meeden, S. Vardeman, Communications in statistics: theory and methods, 29(8), p. 1801, 2000.
  7. ``Application of Extreme Value Theory to Level Estimation in Nonlinearly Distorted Hidden Markov Models'', K. Dogancay, V. Krishnamurthy, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 48(8), p. 2289, aug 2000.
  8. ``Filtering on Hidden Markov Models'', N.S. Kim, D.K. Kim, IEEE signal processing letters, 7(9), p. 253, sep 2000.
  9. ``Likelihood-Ratio Tests for Hidden Markov Models'', P. Giudici, T. Ryden, P. Vandekerkhove, Biometrics, 56(3), p. 742, sep 2000.
  10. ``Asymptotic Smoothing Errors for Hidden Markov Models'', L. Shue, B. D. O. Anderson, F. De Bruyne, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 48(12), p. 3289, dec 2000.
  11. ``Confidence intervals for hidden Markov model parameters'', I. Visser, M. E.J. Raijakers, P. C.M. Molenaar, British journal of mathematical and statistical., 53(2), p. 317, nov 2000.
  12. ``State Learning and Mixing in Entropy of Hidden Markov Processes and the Gilbert-Elliott Channel'', B.M. Hochwald, P.R. Jelenkovic, IEEE transactions on information theory, 45(1), p. 128, jan 1999.
  13. ``On white noises driven by hidden Markov chains'', C. Francq, M. Roussignol, Journal of time series analysis., 18(6), p. 553, nov 1997.
  14. ``From Wiener to Hidden Markov Models'', B.D.O. Anderson, IEEE control systems magazine., 19(3), p. 41, jun 1999.
  15. ``The Realization Problem for Hidden Markov Models'', B.D.O. Anderson, Mathematics of control, signals, and systems :., 12(1), p. 80, 1999.
  16. ``Online Estimation of Hidden Markov Models'', J.C. Stiller, G. Radons, IEEE signal processing letters, 6(8), p. 213, aug 1999.
  17. ``Hidden Markov Model State Estimation with Randomly Delayed Observations'', J.S. Evans, V. Krishnamurthy, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 47(8), p. 2157, aug 1999.
  18. ``Asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimator in state space models'', J. L. Jensen, N. V. Petersen, Annals of statistics, 27(2), pp. 514-535, 1999.
  19. ``Generalized Hidden Markov Models-Part I: Theoretical Frameworks'', M.A. Mohamed, P. Gader, IEEE transactions on fuzzy systems, 8(1), p. 67, feb 2000.
  20. ``Generalized Hidden Markov Models-Part II'', M.A. Mohamed, P. Gader, IEEE transactions on fuzzy systems, 8(1), p. 82, feb 2000.
  21. ``Recursive Kalman-type optimal estimation and detection of hidden Markov chains'', E. Baccarelli, R. Cusani, Signal processing, 51(1), p. 55, may 1996.
  22. ``Factorial Hidden Markov Models'', Zoubin Ghahramani, Michael I. Jordan, Machine learning., 29(2 / 3), p. 245, nov 1997.
  23. ``Heavy Tailed Hidden Semi-Markov Models'', S. Resnick, A. Subramanian, Communications in statistics. Stochastic models., 14(1 / 2), p. 319, 1998.
  24. ``Kalman filtering for linear systems with coefficients driven by a hidden Markov jump process'', B. M. Miller, W. J. Runggaldier, Systems & control letters, 31(2), p. 93, jul 1997.
  25. ``A Comparison Between Optimal and Kalman Filtering for Hidden Markov Processes'', L. B. White, IEEE signal processing letters, 5(5), p. 124, may 1998.
  26. ``Hidden Markov chains in generalized linear models'', T. Rolf Turner, Murray A. Cameron, Peter J. Thomson, The Canadian journal of statistics, 26(1), p. 107, mar 1998.
  27. ``Belief networks, hidden Markov models, and Markov random fields: A unifying view'', P. Smyth, Pattern recognition letters, 18(11 / 13), p. 1261, nov 1997.
  28. ``The Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model: Analysis and Applications'', S. Fine, Y. Singer, N. Tishby, Machine learning, 32(1), p. 41, jul 1998.
  29. ``On Identification of States of a Sequence Generated by a Hidden Markov Model'', I. A. Boguslavskii, M. Yu. Borodovskii, Journal of computer and systems sciences interna., 37(4), p. 551, jul 1998.
  30. ``Asymptotic normality of the maximum-likelihood estimator for general hidden Markov models'', Peter J. Bickel, Ya'acov Ritov, Tobias Ryden, The annals of statistics, 26(4), p. 1614, aug 1998.
  31. ``Estimating Rate Constants in Hidden Markov Models by the EM Algorithm'', S. Michalek, J. Timmer, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 47(1), p. 226, jan 1999.
  32. ``A local limit theorem for hidden Markov chains'', M. Maxwell, M. Woodroofe, Statistics & probability letters, 32(2), mar 1997.
  33. ``Probabilistic Independence Networks for Hidden Markov Probability Models'', P. Smyth, D. Heckerman, M. Jordan, Neural computation, 9(2), feb 1997.
  34. ``Computing the observed information in the hidden Markov model using the EM algorithm'', J. Hughes, Statistics & probability letters, 32(1), feb 1997.
  35. ``On identifiability and order of continuous-time aggregated Markov chains, Markov-modulated Poisson processes, and phase-type distribution'', T. Ryden, Journal of applied probability, 33(3), sep 1996.
  36. ``Partially Hidden Markov Models'', S. Forchhammer, J. Rissanen, IEEE transactions on information theory, 42(4), jul 1996.
  37. ``Estimation for hidden Markov random fields'', R. Elliott, L. Aggoun, Journal of statistical planning and inference, 50(3), mar 1996.
  38. ``On the use of quasi-likelihood for estimation in hidden-Markov random fields'', C. Heyde, Journal of statistical planning and inference, 50(3), mar 1996.
  39. ``Time Discretization of Continuous-Time Filters and Smoothers for HMM Parameter Estimation'', M. James, V. Krishnamurthy, F. Le Gland, IEEE transactions on information theory, 42(2), mar 1996.
  40. ``Iterative and Recursive Estimators for Hidden Markov Errors-in-Variables Models'', V. Krishnamurthy, A. Logothetis, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 44(3), mar 1996.
  41. ``Equivalence of Linear Boltzmann Chains and Hidden Markov Models'', D. MacKay, Neural computation, 8(1), jan 1996.
  42. ``Bayesian classification of hidden markov models'', A. Kehagias, Mathematical and computer modelling, 23(5), 1996.
  43. ``An Efficient Calculation of the Moments of Matched and Mismatched Hidden Markov Models'', M. Karan, B. Anderson, R. Williamson, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 43(10), oct 1995.
  44. ``Nonstationary hidden Markov model'', B. Sin, Signal processing, 46(1), sep 1995.
  45. ``Risk-sensitive filtering and smoothing for hidden Markov models'', S. Dey, J. Moore, Systems & control letters, 25(5), aug 1995.
  46. ``Hidden Markov random fields'', H. Kunsch, S. Geman, A. Kehagias, The annals of applied probability, 5(3), aug 1995.
  47. ``Finite-dimensional models for hidden Markov chains'', L. Aggoun, R. Elliot, Advances in applied probability, 27(1), mar 1995.
  48. ``Recursive Estimation for Hidden Markov Models: A Dependent Case'', R. Elliott, Stochastic analysis and applications, 13(4), 1995.
  49. ``On-Line Identification of Hidden Markov Models via Recursive Prediction Error Techniques'', I. Collings, V. Krishnamurthy, J. Moore, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 42(12), dec 1994.
  50. ``Consistent and asymptotically normal parameter estimates for hidden Markov models'', T. Ryden, The annals of statistics, 22(4), dec 1994.
  51. ``Estimation of the Parameters of Hidden Markov Models of Noiselike Signals with Abruptly Changing Probabalistic Properties II. Estimation of the Structural Parameters.'', T. Ivanova, V. Mottl, I. Muchnik, Automation and remote control, 55(10), oct 1994.
  52. ``Estimation of the Parameters of Hidden Markov Models of Noise-Like-Signals with Abruptly Changing Probabilistic Properties I. Structure of a Model and Estimation of Its Quantitative Parameters.'', T. Ivanova, V. Mottle, I. Muchnik, Automation and remote control, 55(9), sep 1994.
  53. ``A Strong Separation Principle for Stochastic Control Systems Driven by a Hidden Markov Model'', R. Rishel, SIAM journal on control and optimization, 32(4), jul 1994.
  54. ``Order Estimation and Sequential Universal Data Compression of a Hidden Markov Source by the Method of Mixtures'', C. Liu, P. Narayan, IEEE transactions on information theory, 40(4), jul 1994.
  55. ``Smooth On-Line Learning Algorithms for Hidden Markov Models'', P. Baldi, Y. Chauvin, Neural computation, 6(2), mar 1994.
  56. ``Exact Adaptive Filters for Markov Chains Observed in Gaussian Noise'', R. Elliot, Automatica, 30(9), 1994.
  57. ``On-Line Estimation of Hidden Markov Model Parameters Based on the Kullback-Leibler Information Measure'', V. Krishnamurthy, J. Moore, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 41(8), aug 1993.
  58. ``Bayesian estimation of hidden Markov chains: A stochastic implementation'', C. Robert, G. Celeux, J. Diebolt, Statistics & probability letters, 16(1), jan 1993.
  59. ``Finite dimensional predictors for hidden Markov chains'', L. Aggoun, R. Elliott, Systems & control letters, 19(5), nov 1992.
  60. ``Switched Scalar Quantizers for Hidden Markov Sources'', D. Goblirsch, N. Farvardin, IEEE transactions on information theory, 38(5), sep 1992.
  61. ``Identifiability of Hidden Markov Information Sources and Their Minimum Degrees of Freedom'', H. Ito, S. Amari, K. Kobayashi, IEEE transactions on information theory, 38(2), mar 1992.
  62. ``Maximum-likelihood estimation for hidden Markov models'', B. Leroux, Stochastic processes and their applications, 40(1), feb 1992.
  63. ``Estimation of parameters in hidden Markov models'', W. Qian, D. Titterington, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society, 337(1647), dec 1991.
  64. ``Universal Classification for Hidden Markov Models'', N. Merhav, IEEE transactions on information theory, 37(6), nov 1991.
  65. ``A Simulation-Based Estimator for Hidden Markov Random Fields'', A. Veijanen, IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machin, 13(8), aug 1991.
  66. ``Equivalence of Hidden Markov Models'', K. Kabayashi, S. Amari, H. Ito, Electronics and communications in Japan. Part 3, 74(7), jul 1991.
  67. ``Identifiability of Hidden Markov Processes and Their Minimum Degrees of Freedom'', H. Ito, S. Amari, K. Kobayashi, Electronics and communications in Japan. Part 3, 74(7), jul 1991.
  68. ``The Moments of Matched and Mismatched Hidden Markov Models'', R. Streit, IEEE transactions on acoustics, speech, and sig, 38(4), apr 1990.
  69. ``A Minimum Discrimination Information Approach for Hidden Markov Modeling'', Y. Ephraim, A. Dembo, L. Rabiner, IEEE transactions on information theory, 35(5), sep 1989.

2 Applications

2.1 Acoustics

  1. ``Automatic Segmentation of Acoustic Musical Signals using Hidden Markov Models'', C. Raphael, IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machin., 21(4), p. 360, apr 1999.
  2. ``Automatic Classification of Environmental Noise Events by Hidden Markov Models'', C. Couvreur, V. Fontaine, P. Gaunard, C.G. Mubikangiey, Applied acoustics, 54(3), p. 187, 1998.
  3. ``Automated recognition of bird song elements from continuous recordings using dynamic time warping and hidden Markov models: A comparative study'', Joseph A. Kogan, Daniel Margoliash, Journal of the acoustical society of america, 103(4), p. 2185, apr 1998.
  4. ``Transient sonar signal classification using hidden markov models and neural nets'', a. Kundu, G. Chen, C. Persons, IEEE journal of oceanic engineering, 19(1), jan 1994.

2.2 Biosciences

  1. ``Identification of Hidden Markov Models for Ion Channel Currents-Part III: Bandlimited Sampled Data'', L. Venkataramanan, R. Kuc, F.J. Sigworth, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 48(2), p. 376, feb 2000.
  2. ``Modeling and predicting transcriptional units of Escherichia coli genes using hidden Markov models'', T. Yada, M. Nakao, K. Nakai, Bioinformatics, 15(12), p. 987, 1999.
  3. ``Detecting homogeneous segments in DNA sequences by using hidden Markov models'', R.J. Boys, D.A. Henderson, D.J. Wilkinson, Applied statistics, 49(2), p. 269, 2000.
  4. ``Hidden Markov model approach for identifying the modular framework of the protein backbone'', A. C. Camproux, P. Tuffery, S. Hazout, Protein engineering, 12(12), p. 1063, dec 1999.
  5. ``Application of a Hidden Markov Model and Dynamic Programming for Gene Recognition in DNAs of Bacteria and Viruses'', M. Yu. Borodovskii, A.A. Melikyan, A. M. Shmatkov, Journal of computer and systems sciences interna., 39(1), p. 155, jan 2000.
  6. ``Bayesian Fine-Scale Mapping of Disease Loci, by Hidden Markov Models'', A.P. Morris, J.C. Whittaker, D.J. Balding, American journal of human genetics, 67(1), p. 155, jul 2000.
  7. ``PSI-BLAST searches using hidden Markov models of structural repeats: prediction of an unusual sliding DNA clamp and of Beta-propellers in UV-damaged DNA-binding protein'', A.F. Neuwald, A. Poleksic, Nucleic acids research, 28(18), p. 3570, sep 2000.
  8. ``Analyzing patterns between regular secondary structures using short structural building blocks defined by a hidden Markov model'', A.C. Camproux, P. Tuffery, S. Hazout, Theoretical chemistry accounts, 101(1 / 3), p. 33, 1999.
  9. ``Hidden Markov Model to Extract Leucine Zipper Motif'', Yukiko Fujiwara, Minoru Asogawa, Akihiko Konagaya, Nec research & development, 38(3), p. 359, jul 1997.
  10. ``Recognizing the Pleckstrin homology domain fold in mammalian phospholipase D using hidden Markov models'', P.G. Holbrook, V. Geetha, P.J. Munson, FEBS letters. , 448(2 / 3), p. 269, apr 1999.
  11. ``Markov Models and Heart Rate Variability Hidden Dynamic'', R. Silipo, G. Deco, R. Vergassola, Computers in cardiology., , p. 337, 1998 v 25.
  12. ``Hidden Markov Models That Use Predicted Secondary Structures For Fold Recognition'', Jeanette Hargbo, Arne Elofsson, Proteins, 36(1), p. 68, 1999.
  13. ``A Characterization of HRV's Nonlinear Hidden Dynamics by Means of Markov Models'', R. Silipo, G. Deco, C. Gremigni, IEEE transactions on biomedical engineering, 46(8), p. 978, aug 1999.
  14. ``On identification of Na+ channel gating schemes using moving-average filtered hidden Markov models'', S. Michalek, H. Lerche, J. Timmer, European biophysics journal, 28(7), p. 605, 1999.
  15. ``Meta-MEME: Motif-based hidden Markov models of protein families'', W. N. Grundy, T. L. Bailey, M. E. Baker, Computer applications in the biosciences, 13(4), p. 397, aug 1997.
  16. ``Fold Recognition Using Predicted Secondary Structure Sequences and Hidden Markov Models of Protein Folds'', Di Francesco, Valentina , V. Geetha, Peter J. Munson, Proteins, , p. 123, 1997 supp1.
  17. ``Predicting Protein Structure Using Hidden Markov Models'', Kevin Karplus, Kimmen Sjolander, Chris Sander, Proteins, , p. 134, 1997 supp1.
  18. ``Identification of Hidden Markov Models for Ion Channel Currents-Part I: Colored Background Noise'', L. Venkataramanan, J. L. Walsh, F. J. Sigworth, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 46(7), p. 1901, jul 1998.
  19. ``Identification of Hidden Markov Models for Ion Channel Currents-Part II: State-Dependent Excess Noise'', L. Venkataramanan, R. Kuc, F. J. Sigworth, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 46(7), p. 1916, jul 1998.
  20. ``Predicting Peptides That Bind to MHC Molecules Using Supervised Learning of Hidden Markov Models'', Hiroshi Mamitsuka, Proteins, 33(4), p. 460, 1998.
  21. ``Hidden Markov Model Analysis of Motifs in Steroid Dehydrogenases and Their Homologs'', W. Grundy, T. Bailey, M. Baker, Biochemical and biophysical research communicati, 231(3), feb 1997.
  22. ``Hybrid Modeling, HMM/NN Architectures, and Protein Applications'', P. Baldi, Y. Chauvin, Neural computation, 8(7), oct 1996.
  23. ``A hidden Markov model approach to neuron firing patterns'', A. Camproux, F. Saunier, G. Thomas, Biophysical journal, 71(5), nov 1996.
  24. ``Hidden Markov models'', S. Eddy, Current opinion in structural biology, 6(3), jun 1996.
  25. ``Hidden Markov models for sequence analysis: extension and analysis of the basic method'', R. Hughey, A. Krogh, Computer applications in the biosciences : cabi, 12(2), apr 1996.
  26. ``A Hidden Markov Model Approach to Variation Among Sites in Rate of Evolution'', J. Felsenstein, G. Churchill, Molecular biology and evolution, 13(1), jan 1996.
  27. ``Tree-Based Maximal Likelihood Substitution Matrices and Hidden Markov Models'', G. Mitchison, R. Durbin, Journal of molecular evolution, 41(6), dec 1995.
  28. ``Fold Recognition and Ab Initio Structure Predictions Using Hidden Markov Models and beta-Strand Pair Potentials'', T. Hubbard, J. Park, Proteins, 23(3), 1995.
  29. ``A hidden Markov model that finds genes in Ecoli DNA.'', D. Haussler, A. Krogh, I. Mian, Nucleic acids research, 22(22), nov 1994.
  30. ``Heart Signal Recognition by Hidden Markov Models: The ECG Case'', L. Thoraval, G. Carrault, J. Bellanger, Methods of information in medicine. methodik de, 33(1), mar 1994.
  31. ``Hidden Markov Models in Computational Biology. Applications to Protein Modeling.'', A. Krogh, M. Brown, I. Mian, Journal of molecular biology, 235(5), feb 1994.
  32. ``Analysing ion channels with hidden Markov models'', J. Becker, J. Honerkamp, J. Hirsch, Pflugers archiv. european journal of physiology, 426(3/4), feb 1994.
  33. ``Hidden Markov models of biological primary sequence information'', P. Baldi, Y. Chauvin, T. Hunkapiller, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 91(3), feb 1994.
  34. ``Analysis, classification, and coding of multielectrode spike trains with hidden Markov models'', G. Radons, J. Becker, J. Kruger, Biological cybernetics : communication and cont, 71(4), 1994.
  35. ``Prediction of protein secondary structure by the hidden Markov model'', K. Asai, S. Hayzmizu, K. Handa, Computer applications in the biosciences : CABI, 9(2), apr 1993.
  36. ``Hidden Markov chains and the analysis of genome structure'', G. Churchill, Computers & chemistry, 16(2), 1992.
  37. ``An Approach to Cardiac Arrhythmia Analysis Using Hidden Markov Models'', D. Coast, R. Stern, G. Cano, IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering, 37(9), sep 1990.

2.3 Climatology

  1. ``Climatology and Predictability of the Spatial Coverage of 5-day Rainfall Over Indian Subdivisions. India; southwest monsoon; Markov chains; spatial rainfall features; steady state probabilities; medium and extended range prediction; skill score'', S.D. Dahale, P.V. Puranik, International journal of climatology, 20(4), p. 443, 2000.
  2. ``Modeling long-term persistence in hydroclimatic time series using a hidden state Markov model'', Mark Thyer, George Kuczera, Water resources research, 36(11), p. 3301, nov 2000.
  3. ``A hidden Markov model for downscaling synoptic atmospheric patterns to precipitation amounts'', E. Bellone, J.P. Hughes, P. Guttorp, Climate research, 15(1), p. 1, may 2000.
  4. ``A non-homogeneous hidden Markov model for precipitation occurrence'', J.P. Hughes, P. Guttorp, S.P. Charles, Applied statistics, 48(1), p. 15, 1999.
  5. ``Large-scale spatial variability of rainfall through hidden semi-Markov models of breakpoint data'', John Sansom, Journal of geophysical research. atmospheres, 104(24), p. 31631, dec 1999.
  6. ``A Hidden Markov Model for Rainfall Using Breakpoint Data'', John Sansom, Journal of climate, 11(1), p. 42, jan 1998.
  7. ``A Hidden Markov Model for Space-Time Precipitation'', W. Zucchini, P. Guttorp, Water resources research, 27(8), aug 1991.

2.4 Control

  1. ``Analysis of a Risk-Sensitive Control Problem for Hidden Markov Chains'', Hernandez-Hernandez, D. , S. I. Marcus, P. J. Fard, IEEE transactions on automatic control, 44(5), p. 1093, may 1999.
  2. ``Corrigendum to "Risk Sensitive Control of Markov processes in countable state space" [Systems Control Lett. 29 (1996) 147-155] (Corrigendum)'', D. Hernandez-Hernandez, S.I. Marcus, Systems & control letters, 34(1 / 2), p. 105, may 1998.
  3. ``Risk-Sensitive and Risk-Neutral Control for Continuous-Time Hidden Markov Models'', M.R. James, R.J. Elliott, Applied mathematics and optimization, 34(1), p. 37, jul 1996.
  4. ``Risk-Sensitive Optimal Control of Hidden Markov Models: Structural Results'', E. Fernandez-Gaucherand, S. I. Marcus, IEEE transactions on automatic control, 42(10), p. 1418, oct 1997.

2.5 Communications

  1. ``Bind and semi-blind equalization using hidden Markov models and clustering techniques'', K. Georgoulakis, S. Theodoridis, Signal processing, 80(9), p. 1795, sep 2000.
  2. ``Sequence Detection and Channel State Emission over Finite State Markov Channels'', H. Kong, E. Shwedyk, IEEE transactions on vehicular technology, 48(3), p. 833, may 1999.
  3. ``Hidden Markov Models for Burst Error Characterization in Indoor Radio Channels'', Garcia-Frias, J. , P. M. Crespo, IEEE transactions on vehicular technology, 46(4), p. 1006, nov 1997.
  4. ``A Sequence-Based Approximate MMSE Decoder for Source Coding Over Noisy Channels Using Discrete Hidden Markov Models'', D.J. Miller, M. Park, IEEE transactions on communications, 46(2), p. 222, feb 1998.
  5. ``Hidden Markov Modeling of Flat Fading Channels'', W. Turin, van Nobelen, R. , IEEE journal on selected areas in communications, 16(9), p. 1809, dec 1998.
  6. ``Blind Channel Estimation and Data Detection Using Hidden Markov Models'', C. Anton-Haro, J. Fonollosa, J. Fonollosa, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 45(1), jan 1997.
  7. ``Hidden Markov Models for the Burst Error Statistics of Viterbi Decoding'', C. Chao, Y. Yao, IEEE transactions on communications, 44(12), dec 1996.
  8. ``Cyclic Markov Modulated Poisson Processes in Traffic Characterization'', D. Chen, M. Rieders, Communications in statistics. Stochastic models, 12(4), 1996.
  9. ``Blind Equalization of IIR Channels Using Hidden Markov Models and Extended Least Squares'', V. Krishnamurthy, S. Dey, J. LeBlanc, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 43(12), dec 1995.
  10. ``An adaptive hidden Markov model approach to FM and M-ary DPSK demodulation in noisy fading channels'', I. Collings, J. Moore, Signal processing, 47(1), nov 1995.
  11. ``Adaptive Estimation of Hidden Nearly Completely Decomposable Markov Chains with Applications in Blind Equalization'', V. Krishnamurthy, International journal of adaptive control and si, 8(3), may 1994.
  12. ``An HMM Approach to Adaptive Demodulation of QAM Signals in Fading Channels'', I. Collings, J. Moore, International journal of adaptive control and si, 8(5), sep 1994.
  13. ``The Markov-modulated Poisson process (MMPP) cookbook'', W. Fischer, K. Meier-Hellstern, Performance evaluation, 18(2), sep 1993.
  14. ``Adaptive processing techniques based on Hidden Markov Models for characterizing very small channel currents buried in noise and deterministic interferences'', S. Chung, V. Krishnamurthy, J. Moore, Philosophical transactions of the royal society, 334(1271), dec 1991.
  15. ``Approximation of some Markov-Modulated Poisson Processes'', H. Sitaraman, ORSA journal on computing, 3(1), 1991.

2.6 Econometrics

  1. ``Measuring the Probability of a Business Cycle Turning Point by Using a Multivariate Qualitative Hidden Markov Model'', S. Gregoir, F. Lenglart, Journal of forecasting, 19(2), p. 81, mar 2000.
  2. ``Threshold autoregressive and Markov switching models: an application to commercial real estate'', Maitland-Smith, J.K. , C. Brooks, Journal of property research, 16(1), p. 1, mar 1999.
  3. ``Stylized Facts of Daily Return Series and the Hidden Markov Model'', T. Ryden, T. Terasvirta, S. Asbrink, Journal of applied econometrics, 13(3), p. 217, may 1998.

2.7 Handwritting and text recognition

  1. ``Hidden Markov Model Based Word Recognition and Its Application to Legal Amount Reading on French Checks'', S. Knerr, E. Augustin, D. Price, Computer vision and image understanding, 70(3), p. 404, jun 1998.
  2. ``Low resolution, degraded document recognition using neural networks and hidden Markov models'', M. Schenkel, M. Jabri, Pattern recognition letters, 19(3 / 4), p. 365, mar 1998.
  3. ``A truly 2-D hidden Markov movel for off-line handwritten character recognition'', Hee-Seon Park, Seong-Wham Lee, Pattern recognition, 31(12), p. 1849, 1998.
  4. ``HMM Based On-Line Handwriting Recognition'', J. Hu, M. Brown, W. Turin, IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machin, 18(10), oct 1996.
  5. ``Handwritten Word Recognition Using Segmentation-Free Hidden Markov Modeling and Segmentation-Based Dynamic Programming Techniques'', M. Mohamed, P. Gader, IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machin, 18(5), may 1996.
  6. ``Off-line recognition of handwritten Korean and alphanumeric characters using hidden Markov models'', W. Kim, R. Park, Pattern recognition, 29(5), 1996.
  7. ``Off-line recognition of large-set handwritten characters with multiple hidden Markov models'', H. Park, S. Lee, Pattern recognition, 29(2), 1996.
  8. ``Text page recognition using grey-level features and hidden Markov models'', K. Aas, L. Eikvil, Pattern recognition, 29(6), 1996.
  9. ``Hidden Markov Models in Text Recognition'', J. Anigbogu, A. Belaid, International journal of pattern recognition and, 9(6), dec 1995.
  10. ``Variable Duration Hidden Markov Model and Morphological Segmentation for Handwritten Word Recognition'', M. Chen, A. Kundu, S. Srihari, IEEE transactions on image processing, 4(12), dec 1995.
  11. ``LeRec: A NN/HMM Hybrid for On-Line Handwriting Recognition'', Y. Bengio, Y. LeCun, C. Burges, Neural computation, 7(6), nov 1995.
  12. ``Degraded Gray-Scale Text Recognition Using Pseudo-2D Hidden Markov Models and N-Best Hypotheses'', C. Yen, S. Kuo, Graphical models and image processing, 57(2), mar 1995.
  13. ``Modeling and recognition of cursive words with hidden Markov models'', W. Cho, S. Lee, J. Kim, Pattern recognition, 28(12), 1995.
  14. ``Context dependent search in interconnected hidden Markov model for unconstrained handwriting recognition'', S. Oh, J. Ha, J. Kim, Pattern recognition, 28(11), 1995.
  15. ``On-line cursive script recognition using time-delay neural networks and hidden Markov models'', M. Schenkel, I. Guyon, D. Henderson, Machine vision and applications, 8(4), 1995.
  16. ``Strategies for cursive script recognition using hidden Markov models'', M. Gilloux, M. Leroux, J. Bertille, Machine vision and applications, 8(4), 1995.
  17. ``Off-line cursive handwriting recognition using hidden Markov models'', H. Bunke, M. Roth, E. Schukat-Talamazzini, Pattern recognition, 28(9), 1995.
  18. ``Application of hidden Markov models for signature verification'', R. Prasad, L. Yang, B. Widjaja, Pattern recognition, 28(2), 1995.
  19. ``Automatic Keyword Recognition Using Hidden Markov Models'', S. Kuo, O. Agazzi, Journal of visual communication and image repres, 5(3), sep 1994.
  20. ``Keyword Spotting in Poorly Printed Documents Using Pseudo 2-D Hidden Markov Models'', S. Kuo, O. Agazzi, IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machin, 16(8), aug 1994.
  21. ``Off-Line Handwritten Work Recognition Using a Hidden Markov Model Type Stochastic Network'', M. Chen, A. Kundu, J. Zhou, IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machin, 16(5), may 1994.
  22. ``Hidden Markov Models Applied to On-Line Handwritten Isolated Character Recognition'', S. Veltman, R. Prasad, IEEE transactions on image processing, 3(3), may 1994.
  23. ``Connected and degraded text recognition using Hidden Markov Model'', C. Bose, S. Kuo, Pattern recognition, 27(10), 1994.
  24. ``Pseudo Two-Dimensional Hidden Markov Models for Document Recognition'', O. Agazzi, S. Kuo, At&t technical journal, 72(5), sep 1993.
  25. ``Hidden Markov model based optical character recognition in the presence of deterministic transformations'', O. Agazzi, S. Kuo, Pattern recognition, 26(12), 1993.
  26. ``Hidden Markov Models for Character Recognition'', J. Vlontzos, S. Kung, IEEE transactions on image processing, 1(4), oct 1992.
  27. ``Recognition of handwritten word: first and second order hidden markov model based approach'', A. Kundu, Y. He, P. Bahl, Pattern recognition, 22(3), 1989.

2.8 Image processing and computer vision

  1. ``Image Classification by a Two-Dimensional Hidden Markov Model'', J. Li, A. Najmi, R.M. Gray, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 48(2), p. 517, feb 2000.
  2. ``Multiresolution Image Classification by Hierarchical Modeling with Two-Dimensional Hidden Markov Models'', J. Li, R. M. Gray, R. A. Olshen, IEEE transactions on information theory, 46(5), p. 1826, aug 2000.
  3. ``Gesture recognition using the multi-PDM method and hidden Markov model'', C.-L. Huang, M.-S. Wu, S.-H. Jeng, Image and vision computing, 18(11), p. 865, aug 2000.
  4. ``Applications of hidden Markov chains in image analysis'', K. Aas, L. Eikvil, R.B. Huseby, Pattern recognition, 32(4), p. 703, 1999.
  5. ``3D object recognition in range images using hidden markov models and neural networks'', Y.K. Ham, R.-H. Park, Pattern recognition, 32(5), p. 729, 1999.
  6. ``Adaptive Partially Hidden Markov Models with Application to Bilevel Image Coding'', S. Forchhammer, T. S. Rasmussen, IEEE transactions on image processing, 8(11), p. 1516, nov 1999.
  7. ``Parametric Hidden Markov Models for Gesture Recognition'', A.D. Wilson, A.F. Bobick, IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machin., 21(9), p. 884, sep 1999.
  8. ``Recognition of Alphabetical Hand Gestures Using Hidden Markov Model'', Ho-Sub Yoon, Jung Soh, Hyun Seung Yang, IEICE transactions on fundamentals of electronic., 82(7), p. 1358, jul 1999.
  9. ``Hybrid approaches to frontal view face recognition using the hidden Markov model and neural network'', K.S. Yoon, Y.K. Ham, R.-H. Park, Pattern recognition, 31(3), p. 283, 1998.
  10. ``Computational Bayesian Analysis of Hidden Markov Mesh Models'', A.P. Dunmur, D.M Titterington, IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machin., 19(11), p. 1296, nov 1997.
  11. ``Correction to "Rotation and Gray-Scale Transform-Invariant Texture Classification Using Spiral Resampling, Subband Decomposition, and Hidden Markov Model."'', W. -R. Wu, IEEE transactions on image processing, 7(2), p. 253, feb 1998.
  12. ``Color Image Retrieval Based on Hidden Markov Models'', H. Lin, L. Wang, S. Yang, IEEE transactions on image processing, 6(2), feb 1997.
  13. ``Texture Classification Using Noncausal Hidden Markov Models'', B. Povlow, S. Dunn, IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machin, 17(10), oct 1995.
  14. ``Unsupervised Textured Segmentation Using Multichannel Decomposition and Hidden Markov Models'', J. Chen, A. Kundu, IEEE transactions on image processing, 4(5), may 1995.
  15. ``Recognition of moving light displays using hidden Markov models'', K. Fielding, D. Ruck, Pattern recognition, 28(9), 1995.
  16. ``HMM-based architecture for face identification'', F. Samaria, S. Young, Image and vision computing, 12(8), oct 1994.
  17. ``Rotation and Gray Scale Transform Invariant Texture Identification Using Wavelet Decomposition and Hidden Markov Model'', J. Chen, A. Kundu, IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machin, 16(2), feb 1994.
  18. ``A class of hidden Markov models for image processing'', G. Vstovsky, A. Vstovskaya, Pattern recognition letters, 14(5), may 1993.
  19. ``Hidden Markov mesh random field models in image analysis'', A. ??, Journal of applied statistics, 20(5/6), 1993.
  20. ``Parameter Estimation and Restoration of Noisy Images Using Gibbs Distributions in Hidden Markov Models'', Y. Zhao, X. Zhuang, L. Atlas, CVGIP. Graphical models and image processing, 54(3), may 1992.
  21. ``2-D Shape Classification Using Hidden Markov Model'', Y. He, A. Kundu, IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machin, 13(11), nov 1991.
  22. ``Controlling Eye Movements with Hidden Markov Models'', R. Rimey, C. Brown, International journal of computer vision, 7(1), nov 1991.

2.9 Other applications

  1. ``A Hidden Markov Model-Based Algorithm for Fault Diagnosis with Partial and Imperfect Tests'', J. Ying, T. Kirubarajan, A. Patterson-Hine, IEEE transactions on systems, man and cybernetic, 30(4), p. 463, nov 2000.
  2. ``Detection and classification of abnormal process situations using multidimensional wavelet domain hidden Markov trees'', A. Bakhtazad, A. Palazoglu, J. A. Romagnoli, Computers & chemical engineering, 24(2 / 7), p. 769, 2000.
  3. ``Bayesian Analysis of Discrete Survival Data with a Hidden Markov Chain'', H. Kozumi, Biometrics, 56(4), p. 1002, dec 2000.
  4. ``Multiaspect identification of submerged elastic targets via wave-based matching pursuits and hidden Markov models'', Paul Runkle, Lawrence Carin, Timothy J. Yoder, Journal of the acoustical society of america., 106(2), p. 605, aug 1999.
  5. ``Modeling anomalous radar propagation using first-order two-state Markov chains'', B. Haddad, A. Adane, H. Sauvageot, Atmospheric research, 52(4), p. 283, jan 2000.
  6. ``Hidden Markov Models as a Process Monitor in Robotic Assembly'', Geir E. Hovland, Brenan J. McCarragher, Modeling, identification and control, 20(4), p. 201, oct 1999.
  7. ``Generalized n+2 State System Markov Model for Station-Oriented Reliability Evaluation'', R. Billington, H. Chen, J. Zhou, IEEE transactions on power systems, 12(4), p. 1511, nov 1997.
  8. ``Human Action Learning via Hidden Markov Model'', J. Yang, Y. Xu, C. Chen, IEEE transactions on systems, man and cybernetic, 27(1), jan 1997.
  9. ``Spatio-Temporal Pattern Recognition Using Hidden Markov Models'', K. Fielding, D. Ruck, IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic sy, 31(4), oct 1995.
  10. ``Classification of time series with hidden Markov models: Unsupervised learning and self-organization'', V. Breuer, G. Radons, Physical review. e. statistical physics, plasm, 53(4B), apr 1996.
  11. ``Hidden Markov Models and Animal Behaviour'', I. MacDonald, D. Raubenheimer, Biometrical journal, 37(6), 1995.
  12. ``Robust estimation of HMM parameters using fuzzy vector quantization and Parzen's window'', J. Dai, Pattern recognition, 28(1), 1995.
  13. ``Hidden Markov Model Approach to Skill Learning and Its Application to Telerobotics'', J. Yang, Y. Xu, C. Chen, IEEE transactions on robotics and automation, 10(5), oct 1994.
  14. ``Hidden Markov Models Applied to Vegetation Dynamics Analysis Using Satellite Remote Sensing'', N. Viovy, G. Saint, IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensi, 32(4), jul 1994.
  15. ``Analysis of Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectra using Hidden Markov Models'', C. Raphael, Journal of magnetic resonance. series b, 104(3), jul 1994.
  16. ``Hidden Markov models for fault detection in dynamic systems'', P. Smyth, Pattern recognition, 27(1), 1994.
  17. ``The Estimation of the Shape of an Array Using a Hidden Markov Model'', B. Quinn, R. Barrett, P. Kootsookos, IEEE journal of oceanic engineering, 18(4), oct 1993.
  18. ``Use of hidden Markov models for partial discharge pattern classification'', L. Satish, B. Gururaj, IEEE transactions on electrical insulation, 28(2), apr 1993.
  19. ``Hidden Markov Model Analysis of Force/Troque Information in Telemanipulation'', B. Hannaford, P. Lee, The International journal of robotics research, 10(5), oct 1991.
  20. ``Hidden Markov Model for Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance of Mobile Robot Navigation'', Q. Zhu, IEEE transactions on robotics and automation, 7(3), jun 1991.

2.10 Signal processing

  1. ``A New Approximate Likelihood Estimator for ARMA-Filtered Hidden Markov Models'', S. Michalek, M. Wagner, J. Timmer, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 48(6), p. 1537, jun 2000.
  2. ``Temporal BYY Learning for State Space Approach, Hidden Markov Model, and Blind Source Separation'', L. Xu, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 48(7), p. 2132, jul 2000.
  3. ``Improved Hidden Markov Models in the Wavelet-Domain'', G. Fan, X.-G. Xia, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 49(1), p. 115, jan 2001.
  4. ``On State-Estimation of a Two-State Hidden Markov Model with Quantization'', L. Shue, S. Dey, De Bruyne, F. , IEEE transactions on signal processing, 49(1), p. 202, jan 2001.
  5. ``Detection of Hidden Markov Model Transient Signals'', B. Chen, P. Willett, IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic sy., 36(4), p. 1253, oct 2000.
  6. ``Target Identification with Wave-Based Matched Pursuits and Hidden Markov Models'', P.K. Bharadwaj, P.R. Runkle, L. Carin, IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation, 47(10), p. 1543, oct 1999.
  7. ``Self-Organizing Feature Maps and Hidden Markov Models for Machine-Tool Monitoring'', L. M. D. Owsley, L. E. Atlas, G. D. Bernard, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 45(11), p. 2787, nov 1997.
  8. ``Wavelet-Based Statistical Signal Processing Using Hidden Markov Models'', M.S. Crouse, R.D. Nowak, R.G. Baraniuk, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 46(4), p. 886, apr 1998.
  9. ``Prediction of chaotic time series using hidden Markov models'', D. I. Stamp, Q. H. Wu, IEE conference publication Institution of Electr., 455 p 2, p. 1420, 1998.
  10. ``Robust estimation of discrete hidden Markov model parameters using the entropy-based feature-parameter weighting and the source-quantization modeling'', H.J. Choi, S.J. Yun, Y.H. Oh, Artificial intelligence in engineering, 12(3), p. 243, 1998.
  11. ``An Integrated Hybrid Neural Network and Hidden Markov Model Classifier for Sonar Signals'', A. Kundu, G.C. Chen, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 45(10), p. 2566, oct 1997.
  12. ``Multiscale Stochastic Approximation for Parametric Optimization of Hidden Markov Models'', S. Bhatnagar, V. S. Borkar, Probability in the engineering and informational., 11(4), p. 509, 1997.
  13. ``A Filtered EM Algorithm for Joint Hidden Markov Model and Sinusoidal Parameter Estimation'', V. Krishnamurthy, R. Elliott, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 43(1), jan 1995.
  14. ``Frequency Tracking Using Hidden Markov Models with Amplitude and Phase Information'', R. Barrett, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 41(10), oct 1993.
  15. ``Frequency-Wavenumber Tracking Using Hidden Markov Models'', X. Xie, R. Evans, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 41(3), mar 1993.
  16. ``Hidden Markov Model Signal Processing in Presence of Unknown Deterministic Interferences'', V. Krishnamurthy, J. Moore, S. Chung, IEEE transactions on automatic control, 38(1), jan 1993.
  17. ``Multiple Frequency Line Tracking with Hidden Markov Models-Further Results'', X. Xie, R. Evans, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 41(1), jan 1993.
  18. ``Multiple Target Tracking and Multiple Frequency Line Tracking Using Hidden Markov Models'', X. Xie, R. Evans, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 39(12), dec 1991.
  19. ``Characterization of single channel currents using digital signal processing techniques based on Hidden Markov Models'', S. Chung, J. Moore, L. Xia, Philosophical transactions of the royal society, 329(1254), sep 1990.
  20. ``Frequency Line Tracking Using Hidden Markov Models'', R. Streit, R. Barrett, IEEE transactions on acoustics, speech, and sig, 38(4), apr 1990.

2.11 Speech processing

  1. ``Cluster Adaptive Training of Hidden Markov Models'', M.J.F. Gales, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 8(4), p. 417, jul 2000.
  2. ``Hidden Markov modeling of speech using Toeplitz covariance matrices'', W.J.J. Roberts, Y. Ephraim, Speech communication, 31(1), p. 1, may 2000.
  3. ``Noise-Compensated Hidden Markov Models'', I. Sanches, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 8(5), p. 533, sep 2000.
  4. ``Maximum-Likelihood Stochastic-Transformation Adaptation of Hidden Markov Models'', V.D. Diakoloukas, V.V. Digalakis, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 7(2), p. 177, mar 1999.
  5. ``Online Adaptation Hidden Markov Models Using Incremetnal Estimation Algorithms'', V. V. Digalakis, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 7(3), p. 253, may 1999.
  6. ``Semi-Tied Covariance Matrices for Hidden Markov Models'', M. J. F. Gales, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 7(3), p. 272, may 1999.
  7. ``A Minimum Cross-Entropy Approach to Hidden Markov Model Adaptation'', M. Afify, Y. Gong, J.-P. Haton, IEEE signal processing letters, 6(6), p. 132, jun 1999.
  8. ``Smoothing hidden Markov models by using an adaptive signal limiter for noisy speech recognition'', H.-C. Wang, W.-W. Hung, Speech communication, 28(3), p. 243, jul 1999.
  9. ``A hidden Markov-model-based trainable speech synthesizer'', R.E. Donovan, P.C. Woodland, Computer speech & language, 13(3), p. 223, jul 1999.
  10. ``On-line Hierarchical Transformation of Hidden Markov Models for Speech Recognition'', J.-T. Chien, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 7(6), p. 656, nov 1999.
  11. ``N-Channel Hidden Markov Models for Combined Stressed Speech Classification and Recognition'', B. D. Womack, J.H.L. Hansen, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 7(6), p. 668, nov 1999.
  12. ``Combined Bayesian and predictive techniques for rapid speaker adaptation of continuous density hidden Markov models'', S.M. Ahadi, P.C. Woodland, Computer speech & language, 11(3), p. 187, jul 1997.
  13. ``Hidden Markov model-based speech recognition with intermediate wavelet transform domains'', R. Singh, K. Davis, P.V.S. Rao, Computer speech & language, 11(3), p. 253, jul 1997.
  14. ``An Algorithm for Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Hidden Markov Models with Unknown State-Tying'', O. Cappe, C.E. Mokbel, E. Moulines, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 6(1), p. 61, jan 1998.
  15. ``Efficient training of high-order hidden Markov models using first-order representations'', du Preez, J.A. , Computer speech & language, 12(1), p. 23, jan 1998.
  16. ``Phone-Dependent Channel Compensated Hidden Markov Model for Telephone Speech Recognition'', J.-T. Chien, H.-C. Wang, IEEE signal processing letters, 5(6), p. 143, jun 1998.
  17. ``On-Line Adaptive Learning of the Correlated Contiuous Density Hidden Markov Models for Speech Recognition'', Q. Huo, C.-H. Lee, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 6(4), p. 386, jul 1998.
  18. ``Speech enhancement based on neural predictive hidden Markov model'', K.Y. Lee, S. McLaughlin, K. Shirai, Signal processing, 65(3), p. 373, mar 1998.
  19. ``Stereophonic speech recognition in noise using compensated hidden Markov models'', D.M. Brookes, M.H. Leung, Electronics letters, 34(19), p. 1827, sep 1998.
  20. ``Selective Training for Hidden Markov Models with Applications to Speech Classification'', L. M. Arslan, J. H. L. Hansen, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 7(1), p. 46, jan 1999.
  21. ``Frame-Correlated Hidden Markov Model Based on Extended Logarithmic Pool'', N. Kim, C. Un, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 5(2), mar 1997.
  22. ``Robust Speech Recognition Based on Joint Model and Feature Space Optimization of Hidden Markov Models'', S. Moon, J. Hwang, IEEE transactions on neural networks, 8(2), mar 1997.
  23. ``On-Line Adaptive Learning of the Continuous Density Hidden Markov Model Based on Approximate Recursive Bayes Estimate'', Q. Huo, C. Lee, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 5(2), mar 1997.
  24. ``Noise Compensation Methods for Hidden Markov Model Speech Recognition in Adverse Environments'', S. Vaseghi, B. Milner, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 5(1), jan 1997.
  25. ``Automatic Word Recognition Based on Second-Order Hidden Markov Models'', J. Mari, J. Haton, A. Kriouile, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 5(1), jan 1997.
  26. ``Modelling of the interframe dependence in an HMM using conditional Gaussian mixtures'', J. Ming, F. Smith, Computer speech & language, 10(4), oct 1996.
  27. ``Discriminative Weighting of HMM State-Likelihoods Using the GPD Method'', O. Kwon, C. Un, IEEE signal processing letters, 3(9), sep 1996.
  28. ``Modeling Acoustic Transitions in Speech by Modified Hidden Markov Models with State Duration and State Duration-Dependent Observation Probabilities'', Y. Park, C. Un, O. Kwon, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 4(5), sep 1996.
  29. ``Efficient Multilingual Phoneme-to-Grapheme Conversion Based on HMM'', P. Rentzepopoulos, G. Kokkinakis, Computational linguistics, 22(3), sep 1996.
  30. ``Training approach for hidden Markov models'', S. Kwong, Q. He, K. Man, Electronics letters, 32(17), aug 1996.
  31. ``On the Generation and Use of a Parallel-Branch Subunit Model in Continuous HMM'', Y. Park, C. Un, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 4(4), jul 1996.
  32. ``Genomes: Generalized Mixture Tying in Continuous Hidden Markov Model-Based Speech Recognizers'', V. Digalakis, P. Monaco, H. Murveit, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 4(4), jul 1996.
  33. ``Robust parametric Modeling of Durations in Hidden Markov Models'', D. Burshtein, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 4(3), may 1996.
  34. ``Algorithm for Clustering Continuous Density HMM by Recognition Error'', E. Dermaatas, G. Kokkinakis, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 4(3), may 1996.
  35. ``Speaker recognition using HMM composition in noisy environments'', T. Matsui, T. Kanno, S. Furui, Computer speech & language, 10(2), apr 1996.
  36. ``Multilayer perceptrons for state-dependent weightings of HMM likelihoods'', Y. Chung, C. Un, Speech communication, 18(1), jan 1996.
  37. ``Speaker recognition using hidden Markov models, dynamic time warping and vector quantisation'', K. Yu, J. Mason, J. Oglesby, IEE proceedings. Vision, image, and signal proc, 142(5), oct 1995.
  38. ``Keyword detection in conversational speech utterances using hidden Markov model based continuous speech recognition'', R. Rose, Computer speech & language, 9(4), oct 1995.
  39. ``Bayesian Adaptative Learning of the Parameters of Hidden Markov Model for Speech Recognition'', Q. Huo, C. Chan, C. Lee, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 3(5), sep 1995.
  40. ``Noisy speech recognition by using variances adapted hidden Markov models'', J. Chien, L. Lee, H. Wang, Electronics letters, 31(18), aug 1995.
  41. ``Unsupervised Speaker Adaptation Using All-Phoneme Erogdic Hidden Markov Network'', Y. Miyazawa, J. Takami, S. Matsunaga, IEICE transactions on information and systems, 78(8), aug 1995.
  42. ``Comparison of Hidden Markov Model techniques for automatic speaker verification in real-world conditions'', J. de Veth, H. Bourlard, Speech communication, 17(1/2), aug 1995.
  43. ``Duration Modeling with Decreased Intra-Group Temporal Variation for HMM-Based Phoneme Recognition'', N. Minematsu, K. Hirose, IEICE transactions on information and systems, 78(6), jun 1995.
  44. ``An HMM Sate Duration Control Algorithm Applied to Large-Vocabulary Spontaneous Speech Recognition'', S. Takahashi, Y. Minami, K. Shikano, IEICE transactions on information and systems, 78(6), jun 1995.
  45. ``On the First Order Equalization of Hidden Markov Models'', M. Demirekler, IEEE transactions on signal processing, 43(6), jun 1995.
  46. ``Neural Predictive Hidden Markov Model for Speech Recognition'', E. Tsuboka, Y. Takada, IEICE transactions on information and systems, 78(6), jun 1995.
  47. ``Search and learning strategies for improving hidden Markov models'', R. De Mori, M. Galler, F. Brugnara, Computer speech & language, 9(2), apr 1995.
  48. ``Maximum likelihood linear regression for speaker adaptation of continuous density hidden Markov models'', C. Leggetter, P. Woodland, Computer speech & language, 9(2), apr 1995.
  49. ``An HMM/MLP Architecture for Sequence Recognition'', S. Cho, J. Kim, Neural computation, 7(2), mar 1995.
  50. ``State duration modelling in hidden Markov models'', S. Vaseghi, Signal processing, 41(1), jan 1995.
  51. ``Isolated Word Recognition Using Interframe Dependent Hidden Markov Models'', J. Ming, F. Smith, IEEE signal processing letters, 1(12), dec 1994.
  52. ``State clustering in hidden Markov model-based continuous speech recognition'', S. Young, P. Woodland, Computer speech & language, 8(4), oct 1994.
  53. ``Speech Recognition Using Hidden Markov Models with Polynomial Regression Functions as Nonstationary States'', L. Deng, M. Aksmanovic, C. Wu, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 2(4), oct 1994.
  54. ``State-dependent time warping in the trended hidden Markov model'', D. Sun, L. Deng, C. Wu, Signal processing, 39(3), sep 1994.
  55. ``Modelling intonation contours at the phrase level using continuous density hidden Markov models'', U. Jensen, R. Moore, B. Lindberg, Computer speech & language, 8(3), jul 1994.
  56. ``Context-dependent connectionist probability estimation in a hybrid hidden Markov model-neural speech recognition system'', H. Franco, M. Cohen, V. Abrash, Computer speech & language, 8(3), jul 1994.
  57. ``Stochastic Modeling of Temporal Information in Speech for hidden Markov Models'', J. Dai, I. MacKenzie, J. Tyler, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 2(1), jan 1994.
  58. ``Multilayer Perceptrons as labelers for Hidden Markov Models'', P. Le Cerf, W. Ma, D. Van Compernolle, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 2(1), jan 1994.
  59. ``A Hybrid Segmental Neural Net/Hidden Markov Model System for Continuous Speech Recognition'', G. Zavaliagkos, Y. Zhao, R. Schwartz, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 2(1), jan 1994.
  60. ``Speech Recognition Using Weighted HMM and Subspace Projection Aproaches'', K. Su, C. Lee, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 2(1), jan 1994.
  61. ``Combining TDNN and HMM in a Hybrid System for Improved Continuous-Speech Recognition'', C. Dugast, L. Devillers, X. Aubert, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 2(1), jan 1994.
  62. ``Maximum Mutual Information Neural Networks for Hybrid Connectionist-HMM Speech Recognition Systems'', G. Rigoll, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 2(1), jan 1994.
  63. ``Connectionist Probability Estimators HMM Speech Recognition'', S. Renals, N. Morgan, H. Bourlard, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 2(1), jan 1994.
  64. ``Automatic Generation of Hidden Markov Networks by a Successive State Splitting Algorithm'', J. Takami, S. Sagayama, Systems and computers in Japan, 25(12), 1994.
  65. ``HMM speaker verification with sparse training data on telephone quality speech'', M. Forsyth, A. Sutherland, J. Elliott, Speech communication, 13(3/4), dec 1993.
  66. ``The gradient projection method for the training of hidden Markov models'', Q. Huo, C. Chan, Speech communication, 13(3/4), dec 1993.
  67. ``Shared-Distribution Hidden Markov Models for Speech Recognition'', M. Hwang, X. Huang, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 1(4), oct 1993.
  68. ``A New Hybrid Algorithm for Speech Recognition Based on HMM Segmentation and Learning Vector Quantization'', S. Katagiri, C. Lee, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 1(4), oct 1993.
  69. ``Reducing Redundant Computation in HMM Evaluation'', J. Deller, R. Snider, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 1(4), oct 1993.
  70. ``A comparative study of discrete, semicontinuous, and continuous hidden Markov models'', X. Huang, H. Hon, M. Hwang, Computer speech & language, 7(4), oct 1993.
  71. ``Speech modelling using cepstral-time feature matrices in hidden Markov models'', S. Vaseghi, P. Conner, B. Milner, IEE proceedings. I, Communications, speech, an, 140(5), oct 1993.
  72. ``A Hybrid Continuous Speech Recognition System Using Segmental Neural Nets with Hidden Markov Models'', G. Zavaliagkos, S. Austin, J. Makhoul, International journal of pattern recognition and, 7(4), aug 1993.
  73. ``Hybrid Neural Network/Hidden Markov Model Systems for Continuous Speech Recognition'', N. Morgan, H. Boulard, S. Renals, International journal of pattern recognition and, 7(4), aug 1993.
  74. ``Time-Warping Network: A Neural Approach to Hidden Markov Model Based Speech Recognition'', E. Levin, R. Pieraccini, E. Bocchieri, International journal of pattern recognition and, 7(4), aug 1993.
  75. ``Automatic Segmentation and labelling of speech based on Hidden Markov Models'', F. Brugnara, D. Falavigna, M. Omologo, Speech communication, 12(4), aug 1993.
  76. ``A continuous-time dynamic formulation of Viterbi algorithm for one-Gaussian-per-state hidden Markov models'', M. Saerens, Speech communication, 12(4), aug 1993.
  77. ``Hidden Markov model representation of quantized articulatory features for speech recognition'', K. Erler, L. Deng, Computer speech & language, 7(3), jul 1993.
  78. ``A Speaker-Independent Continuous Speech Recognition System Using Continuous Mixture Gaussian Density HMM of Phoneme-Sized Units'', Y. Zhao, IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, 1(3), jul 1993.
  79. ``Cepstral parameter compensation for HMM recognition in noise'', M. Gales, S. Young, Speech communication, 12(3), jul 1993.
  80. ``Use of different numbers of mixtures in continuous density hidden Markov models'', Y. Chung, C. Un, Electronics letters, 29(9), apr 1993.
  81. ``Hidden Markov models with templates as non-stationary states: an application to speech recognition'', O. Ghitza, M. Sondhi, Computer speech & language, 7(2), apr 1993.
  82. ``Deleted smoothing of HMM parameters in speech recognition'', N. Kim, C. Un, Electronics letters, 29(9), apr 1993.
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Olivier Cappe 2003-07-31